Firstly, please always download SharpCap from the official SharpCap web site at
http://www.sharpcap.co.uk/sharpcap/downloads
If you get your SharpCap install from there then you will have no spyware or other rubbish. Unfortunately other sites wrap up the SharpCap installer in crapware and offer it for download without my permission :(
Secondly, there's nothing sinister about those bits of the UI not appearing over teamviewer, they are just all written in particular Microsoft technology (called WPF) that obviously doesn't like the no-monitor connection via TeamViewer approach. Not something I've been notified of before.
If you want to connect remotely using the current version of SharpCap then I'd suggest using Microsoft Remote Desktop if you can (unfortunately not with the home editions of MS Windows). If you can access it and are on the same network it is far superior to TeamViewer.
If you have to use TeamViewer without a monitor attached, then it might be that this tutorial will help fix the problem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiPuu9TIpYE
cheers,
Robin