HI,
Because in computer system, the length of the data is usually 8bit, 16 bits, 32bit or 64bit. So when we get a 12bit data from sensor, we will move 4bit left, and fix 0 into the low 4 bit. After this, we will get a 16bit data. This means when we get 1 from sensor, we will output 16.
For your value of 5251, I am not sure if your image had beed processed. Usually, if it is the raw data, this should not happen. We did not find this problem before. So I think you can make sure that if your image is the raw data. If not the raw data, after processed, this value is normal.
Thanks
Chad