Hi Farzad,
For the gain on the horizontal axis, It's in db.
As we know, the essence of a sensor is that photons accumulate, producing electrons. We need to measure the amount of charge these electrons carry. Sometimes these charges are too small to measure, just as it is hard to hear a mosquito. So we need an amplifier, like a megaphone, to make it easier to measure. This magnification factor is called gain.
For the gain on the vertical axis, usually we call it eGain, it is in e-/ADU.
Like we said before, we will measure the amount of charge these electrons carry, after the measure, we will get a number. This number is the value of the pixels in the image you get. As we know, the charge of one electrons carry is fixed, So there is a proportional relationship between the pixel value and the amount of charge. And this is what eGain is for.
Thanks
Chad